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<p>All files in this directory and in all subdirectories are released under
the "Modelica License 2" (if not explicitly noted
otherwise).</p>
<p><a href="#The_Modelica_License_2-outline">The Modelica
License 2</a><br>
<a href="#How_to_Apply_the_Modelica_License_2-outline">How to Apply the
Modelica License 2</a><br>
<a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions-outline">Frequently Asked
Questions</a><br></p>
<hr>
<h4><a name="The_Modelica_License_2-outline" id=
"The_Modelica_License_2-outline"></a>The Modelica License 2</h4>
<p><strong>Preamble.</strong> The goal of this license is that Modelica
related model libraries, software, images, documents, data files etc. can
be used freely in the original or a modified form, in open source and in
commercial environments (as long as the license conditions below are
fulfilled, in particular sections 2c) and 2d). The Original Work is
provided free of charge and the use is completely at your own risk.
Developers of free Modelica packages are encouraged to utilize this license
for their work.</p>
<p>The Modelica License applies to any Original Work that contains the
following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice(s) for this
Original Work:</p>
<p><strong>Licensed by <name of Licensor> under the Modelica
License 2</strong></p>
<p><strong>1. Definitions.</strong></p>
<ol type="a">
<li>"License" is this Modelica License.</li>
<li>"Original Work" is any work of authorship, including
software, images, documents, data files, that contains the above
licensing notice or that is packed together with a licensing notice
referencing it.</li>
<li>"Licensor" is the provider of the Original Work who has
placed this licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice(s) for
the Original Work. The Original Work is either directly provided by the
owner of the Original Work, or by a licensee of the owner.</li>
<li>"Derivative Work" is any modification of the Original
Work which represents, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For
the matter of clarity and as examples:
<ol type="a">
<li>Derivative Work shall not include work that remains
separable from the Original Work, as well as merely extracting
a part of the Original Work without modifying it.</li>
<li>Derivative Work shall not include (a) fixing of errors
and/or (b) adding vendor specific Modelica annotations and/or
(c) using a subset of the classes of a Modelica package, and/or
(d) using a different representation, e.g., a binary
representation.</li>
<li>Derivative Work shall include classes that are copied from
the Original Work where declarations, equations or the
documentation are modified.</li>
<li>Derivative Work shall include executables to simulate the
models that are generated by a Modelica translator based on the
Original Work (of a Modelica package).</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>"Modified Work" is any modification of the Original
Work with the following exceptions: (a) fixing of errors and/or (b)
adding vendor specific Modelica annotations and/or (c) using a subset
of the classes of a Modelica package, and/or (d) using a different
representation, e.g., a binary representation.</li>
<li>"Source Code" means the preferred form of the Original
Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation
describing how to modify the Original Work.</li>
<li>"You" means an individual or a legal entity exercising
rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this
License.</li>
<li>"Modelica package" means any Modelica library that is
defined with the
"<code><strong>package</strong> <Name> ... <strong>end</strong> <Name>;</code>"
Modelica language element.</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>2. Grant of Copyright License.</strong> Licensor grants You a
worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the
duration of the copyright, to do the following:</p>
<ol type="a">
<li>
<p>To reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as
part of a collection.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>To create Derivative Works according to Section 1d) of this
License.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>To distribute or communicate to the public copies of the
<u>Original Work</u> or a <u>Derivative Work</u> under <u>this
License</u>. No fee, neither as a copyright-license fee, nor as a
selling fee for the copy as such may be charged under this License.
Furthermore, a verbatim copy of this License must be included in
any copy of the Original Work or a Derivative Work under this
License.<br>
For the matter of clarity, it is permitted A) to distribute or
communicate such copies as part of a (possible commercial)
collection where other parts are provided under different licenses
and a license fee is charged for the other parts only and B) to
charge for mere printing and shipping costs.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>To distribute or communicate to the public copies of a
<u>Derivative Work</u>, alternatively to Section 2c), under
<u>any other license</u> of your choice, especially also under a
license for commercial/proprietary software, as long as You comply
with Sections 3, 4 and 8 below.<br>
For the matter of clarity, no restrictions regarding fees, either
as to a copyright-license fee or as to a selling fee for the copy
as such apply.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>To perform the Original Work publicly.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>To display the Original Work publicly.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>3. Acceptance.</strong> Any use of the Original Work or a
Derivative Work, or any action according to either Section 2a) to 2f)
above constitutes Your acceptance of this License.</p>
<p><strong>4. Designation of Derivative Works and of Modified
Works.</strong> The identifying designation of Derivative Work and of
Modified Work must be different to the corresponding identifying
designation of the Original Work. This means especially that the
(root-level) name of a Modelica package under this license must be changed
if the package is modified (besides fixing of errors, adding vendor
specific Modelica annotations, using a subset of the classes of a Modelica
package, or using another representation, e.g. a binary
representation).</p>
<p><strong>5. Grant of Patent License.</strong> Licensor grants You a
worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent
claims owned by the Licensor or licensed to the Licensor by the owners of
the Original Work that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by
the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer
for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works
under the conditions as given in Section 2. For the matter of clarity,
the license regarding Derivative Works covers patent claims to the extent
as they are embodied in the Original Work only.</p>
<p><strong>6. Provision of Source Code.</strong> Licensor agrees to provide
You with a copy of the Source Code of the Original Work but reserves the
right to decide freely on the manner of how the Original Work is
provided.<br>
For the matter of clarity, Licensor
might provide only a binary representation of the Original Work. In that
case, You may (a) either reproduce the Source Code from the binary
representation if this is possible (e.g., by performing a copy of an
encrypted Modelica package, if encryption allows the copy operation) or (b)
request the Source Code from the Licensor who will provide it to You.</p>
<p><strong>7. Exclusions from License Grant.</strong> Neither the names of
Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any
of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote
products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission
of the Licensor. Except as otherwise expressly stated in this License and
in particular in Sections 2 and 5, nothing in this License grants any
license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any
other intellectual property, and no patent license is granted to make, use,
sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent
claims.<br>
No license is granted to the trademarks
of Licensor even if such trademarks are included in the Original Work,
except as expressly stated in this License. Nothing in this License shall
be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different
from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a
right to license.</p>
<p><strong>8. Attribution Rights.</strong> You must retain in the Source
Code of the Original Work and of any Derivative Works that You create, all
author, copyright, patent, or trademark notices, as well as any descriptive
text identified therein as an "Attribution Notice". The same
applies to the licensing notice of this License in the Original Work. For
the matter of clarity, "author notice" means the notice that
identifies the original author(s).<br>
You must cause the Source Code for any
Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice
reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the
Original Work.<br>
In case the Original Work or Derivative
Work is not provided in Source Code, the Attribution Notices shall be
appropriately displayed, e.g., in the documentation of the Derivative
Work.</p>
<p><strong>9. Disclaimer of Warranty.<br></strong> <u><strong>The Original
Work is provided under this License on an "as is" basis and
without warranty, either express or implied, including, without limitation,
the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a
particular purpose. The entire risk as to the quality of the Original Work
is with You.</strong></u> This disclaimer of warranty constitutes an
essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted
by this License except under this disclaimer.</p>
<p><strong>10. Limitation of Liability.</strong> Under no circumstances and
under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or
otherwise, shall the Licensor, the owner or a licensee of the Original Work
be liable to anyone for any direct, indirect, general, special, incidental,
or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this
License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation,
damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or
malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This
limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law
prohibits such limitation.</p>
<p><strong>11. Termination.</strong> This License conditions your rights to
undertake the activities listed in Section 2 and 5, including your
right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so
without observing these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law
and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect
copyright exceptions and limitations. This License shall terminate
immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You
by this License upon your failure to observe the conditions of this
license.</p>
<p><strong>12. Termination for Patent Action.</strong> This License shall
terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights
granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action,
including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor, any owners of
the Original Work or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes
a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging
patent infringement through combinations of the Original Work under
combination with other software or hardware.</p>
<p><strong>13. Jurisdiction.</strong> Any action or suit relating to this
License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the
Licensor resides and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its
conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations
Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly
excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or
after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of
copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall
survive the termination of this License.</p>
<p><strong>14. Attorneys' Fees.</strong> In any action to enforce the terms
of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party
shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without
limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection
with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall
survive the termination of this License.</p>
<p><strong>15. Miscellaneous.</strong></p>
<ol type="a">
<li>If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such
provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it
enforceable.</li>
<li>No verbal ancillary agreements have been made. Changes and
additions to this License must appear in writing to be valid. This also
applies to changing the clause pertaining to written form.</li>
<li>You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted
or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to
interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.</li>
</ol>
<hr>
<h4><a name="How_to_Apply_the_Modelica_License_2-outline" id=
"How_to_Apply_the_Modelica_License_2-outline"></a> How to Apply the
Modelica License 2</h4>
<p>At the top level of your Modelica package and at every important
subpackage, add the following notices in the info layer of the package:</p>
<p>Licensed by <Licensor> under the Modelica License 2<br>
Copyright © <year1>-<year2>, <name of copyright
holder(s)>.</p>
<p><em>This Modelica package is <u>free</u> software and the use is
completely at <u>your own risk</u>; it can be redistributed and/or modified
under the terms of the Modelica License 2. For license conditions
(including the disclaimer of warranty) see <a href=
"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2">Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2</a>
or visit <a href=
"http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2">http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2</a>.</em></p>
<p>Include a copy of the Modelica License 2 under
<strong><library>.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2</strong> (use <a href=
"http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2.mo">http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2.mo</a>).
Furthermore, add the list of authors and contributors under
<strong><library>.UsersGuide.Contributors</strong> or
<strong><library>.UsersGuide.Contact</strong>.</p>
<p>For example, sublibrary Modelica.Blocks of the Modelica Standard Library
may have the following notices:</p>
<p>Licensed by Modelica Association under the Modelica License 2<br>
Copyright © 1998-2008, Modelica Association.</p>
<p><em>This Modelica package is <u>free</u> software and the use is
completely at <u>your own risk</u>; it can be redistributed and/or modified
under the terms of the Modelica License 2. For license conditions
(including the disclaimer of warranty) see <a href=
"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2">Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2</a>
or visit <a href=
"http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2">http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2</a>.</em></p>
<p>For C-source code and documents, add similar notices in the
corresponding file.</p>
<p>For images, add a "readme.txt" file to the directories where
the images are stored and include a similar notice in this file.</p>
<p>In these cases, save a copy of the Modelica License 2 in one
directory of the distribution, e.g., <a href=
"http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2.html">http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2.html</a>
in directory
<strong><library>/Resources/Documentation/ModelicaLicense2.html</strong>.</p>
<hr>
<h5><a name="Frequently_Asked_Questions-outline" id=
"Frequently_Asked_Questions-outline"></a> Frequently Asked Questions</h5>
<p>This section contains questions/answer to users and/or distributors of
Modelica packages and/or documents under Modelica License 2. Note, the
answers to the questions below are not a legal interpretation of the
Modelica License 2. In case of a conflict, the language of the license
shall prevail.</p>
<h6>Using or Distributing a Modelica <u>Package</u> under the Modelica
License 2</h6>
<p><strong>What are the main differences to the previous version of the
Modelica License?</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>Modelica License 1 is unclear whether the licensed Modelica
package can be distributed under a different license.
Version 2 explicitly allows that "Derivative Work"
can be distributed under any license of Your choice, see examples
in Section 1d) as to what qualifies as Derivative Work (so,
version 2 is clearer).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>If You modify a Modelica package under Modelica License 2
(besides fixing of errors, adding vendor specific Modelica
annotations, using a subset of the classes of a Modelica package,
or using another representation, e.g., a binary representation),
you must rename the root-level name of the package for your
distribution. In version 1 you could keep the name (so,
version 2 is more restrictive). The reason of this restriction
is to reduce the risk that Modelica packages are available that
have identical names, but different functionality.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Modelica License 1 states that "It is not allowed to
charge a fee for the original version or a modified version of the
software, besides a reasonable fee for distribution and
support". Version 2 has a similar intention for all
Original Work under <u>Modelica License 2</u> (to remain free
of charge and open source) but states this more clearly as
"No fee, neither as a copyright-license fee, nor as a selling
fee for the copy as such may be charged". Contrary to
version 1, Modelica License 2 has no restrictions on fees
for Derivative Work that is provided under a different license (so,
version 2 is clearer and has fewer restrictions).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Modelica License 2 introduces several useful provisions for
the licensee (articles 5, 6, 12), and for the licensor
(articles 7, 12, 13, 14) that have no counter part in
version 1.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Modelica License 2 can be applied to all type of work,
including documents, images and data files, contrary to
version 1 that was dedicated for software only (so,
version 2 is more general).</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Can I distribute a Modelica package (under Modelica
License 2) as part of my commercial Modelica modeling and simulation
environment?</strong></p>
<p>Yes, according to Section 2c). However, you are not allowed to
charge a fee for this part of your environment. Of course, you can charge
for your part of the environment.</p>
<p><strong>Can I distribute a Modelica package (under Modelica
License 2) under a different license?</strong></p>
<p>No. The license of an unmodified Modelica package cannot be changed
according to Sections 2c) and 2d). This means that you cannot
<u>sell</u> copies of it, any distribution has to be free of charge.</p>
<p><strong>Can I distribute a Modelica package (under Modelica
License 2) under a different license when I first encrypt the
package?</strong></p>
<p>No. Merely encrypting a package does not qualify for Derivative Work and
therefore the encrypted package has to stay under Modelica
License 2.</p>
<p><strong>Can I distribute a Modelica package (under Modelica
License 2) under a different license when I first add classes to the
package?</strong></p>
<p>No. The package itself remains unmodified, i.e., it is Original Work,
and therefore the license for this part must remain under Modelica
License 2. The newly added classes can be, however, under a different
license.</p>
<p><strong>Can I copy a class out of a Modelica package (under Modelica
License 2) and include it</strong> <u><strong>unmodified</strong></u>
<strong>in a Modelica package under a</strong>
<u><strong>commercial/proprietary</strong></u>
<strong>license?</strong></p>
<p>No, according to article 2c). However, you can include model,
block, function, package, record and connector classes in your Modelica
package under <u>Modelica License 2</u>. This means that your Modelica
package could be under a commercial/proprietary license, but one or more
classes of it are under Modelica License 2.<br>
Note, a "type" class (e.g., type Angle =
Real(unit="rad")) can be copied and included unmodified under a
commercial/proprietary license (for details, see the next question).</p>
<p><strong>Can I copy a type class or</strong> <u><strong>part</strong></u>
<strong>of a model, block, function, record, connector class, out of a
Modelica package (under Modelica License 2) and include it modified or
unmodified in a Modelica package under a</strong>
<u><strong>commercial/proprietary</strong></u>
<strong>license?</strong></p>
<p>Yes, according to article 2d), since this will in the end usually
qualify as Derivative Work. The reasoning is the following: A type class or
part of another class (e.g., an equation, a declaration, part of a class
description) cannot be utilized "by its own". In order to make
this "usable", you have to add additional code in order that
the class can be utilized. This is therefore usually Derivative Work and
Derivative Work can be provided under a different license. Note, this only
holds, if the additional code introduced is sufficient to qualify for
Derivative Work. Merely, just copying a class and changing, say, one
character in the documentation of this class would be no Derivative Work
and therefore the copied code would have to stay under Modelica
License 2.</p>
<p><strong>Can I copy a class out of a Modelica package (under Modelica
License 2) and include it in</strong> <u><strong>modified</strong></u>
<strong>form in a</strong> <u><strong>commercial/proprietary</strong></u>
<strong>Modelica package?</strong></p>
<p>Yes. If the modification can be seen as a "Derivative Work",
you can place it under your commercial/proprietary license. If the
modification does not qualify as "Derivative Work" (e.g., bug
fixes, vendor specific annotations), it must remain under Modelica
License 2. This means that your Modelica package could be under a
commercial/proprietary license, but one or more parts of it are under
Modelica License 2.</p>
<p><strong>Can I distribute a "save total model" under my
commercial/proprietary license, even if classes under Modelica
License 2 are included?</strong></p>
<p>Your classes of the "save total model" can be distributed
under your commercial/proprietary license, but the classes under Modelica
License 2 must remain under Modelica License 2. This means you
can distribute a "save total model", but some parts might be
under Modelica License 2.</p>
<p><strong>Can I distribute a Modelica package (under Modelica
License 2) in encrypted form?</strong></p>
<p>Yes. Note, if the encryption does not allow "copying" of
classes (in to unencrypted Modelica source code), you have to send the
Modelica source code of this package to your customer, if he/she wishes it,
according to article 6.</p>
<p><strong>Can I distribute an executable under my commercial/proprietary
license, if the model from which the executable is generated uses models
from a Modelica package under Modelica License 2?</strong></p>
<p>Yes, according to article 2d), since this is seen as Derivative
Work. The reasoning is the following: An executable allows the simulation
of a concrete model, whereas models from a Modelica package (without
pre-processing, translation, tool run-time library) are not able to be
simulated without tool support. By the processing of the tool and by its
run-time libraries, significant new functionality is added (a model can be
simulated whereas previously it could not be simulated) and functionality
available in the package is removed (e.g., to build up a new model by
dragging components of the package is no longer possible with the
executable).</p>
<p><strong>Is my modification to a Modelica package (under Modelica
License 2) a Derivative Work?</strong></p>
<p>It is not possible to give a general answer to it. To be regarded as
"an original work of authorship", a derivative work must be
different enough from the original or must contain a substantial amount of
new material. Making minor changes or additions of little substance to a
preexisting work will not qualify the work as a new version for such
purposes.</p>
<h6>Using or Distributing a Modelica <u>Document</u> under the Modelica
License 2</h6>
<p>This section is devoted especially for the following applications:</p>
<ol type="a">
<li>
<p>A Modelica tool extracts information out of a Modelica package
and presents the result in form of a "manual" for this
package in, e.g., html, doc, or pdf format.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The Modelica language specification is a document defining the
Modelica language. It will be licensed under Modelica
License 2.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Someone writes a book about the Modelica language and/or
Modelica packages and uses information which is available in the
Modelica language specification and/or the corresponding Modelica
package.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Can I sell a manual that was basically derived by extracting
information automatically from a Modelica package under Modelica
License 2 (e.g., a "reference guide" of the Modelica
Standard Library)?</strong></p>
<p>Yes. Extracting information from a Modelica package, and providing it in
a human readable, suitable format, like html, doc or pdf format, where the
content is significantly modified (e.g. tables with interface information
are constructed from the declarations of the public variables) qualifies as
Derivative Work and there are no restrictions to charge a fee for
Derivative Work under alternative 2d).</p>
<p><strong>Can I copy a text passage out of a Modelica document (under
Modelica License 2) and use it</strong>
<u><strong>unmodified</strong></u> <strong>in my document (e.g. the
Modelica syntax description in the Modelica Specification)?</strong></p>
<p>Yes. In case you distribute your document, the copied parts are still
under Modelica License 2 and you are not allowed to charge a license
fee for this part. You can, of course, charge a fee for the rest of your
document.</p>
<p><strong>Can I copy a text passage out of a Modelica document (under
Modelica License 2) and use it in</strong>
<u><strong>modified</strong></u> <strong>form in my document?</strong></p>
<p>Yes, the creation of Derivative Works is allowed. In case the content is
significantly modified this qualifies as Derivative Work and there are no
restrictions to charge a fee for Derivative Work under
alternative 2d).</p>
<p><strong>Can I sell a printed version of a Modelica document (under
Modelica License 2), e.g., the Modelica Language
Specification?</strong></p>
<p>No, if you are not the copyright-holder, since article 2c) does not
allow a selling fee for a (in this case physical) copy. However, mere
printing and shipping costs may be recovered.</p>
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